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Purnia District is one of the thirty-eight districts of the Indian state of . The city of is the administrative headquarters of this district. The city of Purnia has continued its tradition of hoisting the national flag at 12:07 am on every Independence Day since 1947. Purnia district is a part of . The district extends northwards from the river.


History
Purnia is part of the Mithila region.
(1997). 9788175330344, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.. .
Mithila first gained prominence after it was settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the (also called Kingdom of the Videhas). (1989), Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143

During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of Ancient India, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called . The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the confederacy, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.

During the Mughal rule, Purnea was an outlying military province, and its revenue was mostly spent on protecting its borders against tribes from the north and east. After the capture of in 1757, Purnia's local governor raised a rebellion against . In 1765, the district became a British possession, along with the rest of . On February 14, 1770 the district of Purnia in modern history was formed by the East India Company.

Purnia is known for its uniquely designed organization, Ramakrishna Mission, where the festival is celebrated in October. Another attraction in the city of Purnia is the oldest temple of Mata Puran Devi which is 5 km away from the main city. It is theorized that Purnia received its name from this temple. Other theories also describe how Purnia received its name; which is, that in the past Purnia was named Purna– Aranya, which stands for "complete jungle."

Three districts were partitioned off from Purnia district: in 1976, and Kishanganj in 1990.


Geography
Purnia district occupies ,
(2025). 9788123016177, Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India.
comparable to the ' . It is a depressed tract, consisting for the most part of a rich, soil. It is traversed by several rivers flowing from the , which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage. Its major rivers are the , the , the Suwara Kali, the , the and the Koli. In the west, the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kosi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Its major agricultural products are , and .


Divisions
Purnia district has four subdivisions: , , and Dhamdaha.


Blocks
They are further divided into fourteen blocks:
, Kasba, , , Srinagar
, , Bhawanipur,
, , Amour, Dagarua
These contain 246 panchayats with 1,450 villages.


Demographics
According to the 2011 census Purnia district has a population of 3,264,619, roughly equal to the nation of or the US state of . This gives it a ranking of 105th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.66%. Purnia has a of 930 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 58.23%. 10.51% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 11.98% and 4.27% of the population respectively.

Hindus are the majority community, but Muslims are majority in the eastern blocks.

86.1913.330.48
Barhara90.379.110.52
Bhawanipur75.4824.070.45
Rupauli89.2010.570.23
84.3214.551.13
Krityanand Nagar67.0732.030.9
Purnia East68.5230.261.22
Kasba41.6358.080.29
Srinagar65.9133.690.4
Jalalgarh53.4146.280.31
Amour22.5876.930.49
Baisa27.7671.940.3
Baisi22.3777.320.31
Dagarua37.1762.550.28

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 33.68% of the population in the district spoke , 18.62% , 10.72% Maithili, 8.73% Surjapuri, 4.51% and 2.50% as their first language. 18.53% spoke languages recorded as 'Others' under Hindi on the census.


Politics
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Economy
Recently, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has started exploring Purnia basin for crude oil and Natural gas reserves. Estimations show that there might be about 465 million tonnes of reserves in the basin.


Culture

Shrines
Some major Hindu temples of Purnea are Puran Devi temple; which is sometimes credited for the name of the city, the Kali Mandir of old Purnia city on the bank of , the Maata Asthan in Chunapur, Panchmukhi Temple in line bazaar, the Rani Sati Mandir in Kasba, in , and Dhima Shiv Mandir in Dhima, Banmankhi. The city also has the Darghah of Hazrat Mustafa Jamalul Haque Bandagi, Chimni Bazar. An "Urs" in the form of Mela (village fair) is organized on the 7th day after Eid-Ul-Azha and continues up to 3 days every year. The 'Dargah and Khanquah Alia Mustafia' is located 7 km away from the main city. It is famous for spirituality, communal harmony and . Its history extends for 400 years, when Hazrat Bandagi came from Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh visiting several Khanqahs and Dargahs across India such as the Pandawa Sharif, the Bihar Sharif, etc. The Darghah is playing a major role to spread culture, education, kindness, secularism and spiritual spirits in Northeast Bihar since its establishment. Deorhi at Garbanili (Purnea) hosts the ruins of Kala Bhawan the ancient Darbar (Palace) of Raja Kalanand Singh, where his successor still lives.

The is a place of historical importance situated in Jalalgadh division.


River
Purnia District in the Indian state of Bihar is primarily drained by two major rivers:

  • : The Kosi River, often referred to as the "Sorrow of " due to its history of flooding, flows through Purnia District. It is an important river in the region and has a significant impact on the local landscape and livelihoods.
  • : The Mahane River is another prominent river in Purnia District. It is a tributary of the Kosi River and contributes to the overall drainage system of the area.

These rivers play a crucial role in the agricultural and ecological dynamics of Purnia District and are essential water sources for the local population.


External links

List of Freedom Fighters of Purnea District

1. Shri Jibatsh Sharma 'Himanshu' native of Kajha Village, Block Krityanand Nagar, District Purnea

2. Fuleshwar Prasad Yadav, Native of Rikabganj Village Block Krityanand Nagar District Purnia

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